Spread of Religions and Ideas The seas facilitated the spread of religions such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. Maritime trade routes carried missionaries, pilgrims, and scholars who established religious communities across continents. For example, the spread of Islam along the Indian Ocean trade routes created a shared cultural and r

 The Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean Trade Networks The Mediterranean Sea is often called the "cradle of civilization" due to the dense network of maritime trade it supported. The Phoenicians, renowned for their shipbuilding and navigation, established trade routes that spread goods, culture, and technology throughout the Mediterranean basin.

The oceans have always been a powerful force shaping human civilization. Covering more than 70% of the Earth's surface, these vast bodies of water have served as barriers, highways, sources of sustenance, and catalysts for cultural, economic, and political development. From the dawn of human history to the modern age, oceans have deeply influenced

Economic Importance of Maritime Commerce Today, over 80% of global trade by volume moves by sea. Container shipping connects producers and consumers worldwide, making oceans central to the global economy. Major port cities like Singapore, Rotterdam, and Shanghai thrive as economic hubs because of their strategic maritime positions. Environment